Power Theft Detection

1. Presentation The programmed meter reading(AMR) framework as become a need for most providers as deregulation, free client decision and open market rivalry happen in the vitality gracefully area. Electrical cable correspondence has numerous new assistance prospects on the information moving through electrical cables without utilize additional links. AMR is a significant application in these potential outcomes because of each client associated each other through modems utilizing electrical cables. AMR is a strategy to encourage remote readings vitality consumption.Improving the electrical force gracefully to family units as a major issue. The administration has define a particular objective to raise the circulation pace of electrical force flexibly, which is currently around 70% to 80% to 100%. Force organizations are tormented by power burglary. PLC will assume a significant job in setting against robbery power framework. Illicit power might be a significant issue in numerous natio ns . This issue has been endeavored to be settled by exceptional aptitudes of people, for example, the police uncommon security and so forth. These technique couldn't give ideal arrangement because of their difficulties. Comparable exposition: Essay About Snatch TheftMeter perusing has been applied by people and some gadgets arrangements, for example, optical understanding strategies, respectable use of electrical vitality and so on. Numerous chips which can be utilized for computerized vitality metering and PLC modems. The issue of unlawful utilization of power must be tackled electronically, with no human control. 2. Force THEFT Electrical force by modifying, easing back, resetting, trading, or detaching an electric meter. Burglary additionally may happen by revamping circuits to maintain a strategic distance from an electric meter, or by taking advantage of another customer’s electrical lines.The fraudster may utilize gadgets to program the robbery of intensity just during specific times of theday or week. A fraudster may overhaul their property to unlawfully utilize power from less expensive wellsprings of intensity, or from meters that are charged at lower rates. The fraudster dangers ele ctric shock and discovery. Field representatives of the force organization are prepared to spot issues that bring about people not being charged for all the power they use. Automated charging frameworks are intended to distinguish flighty power use Fig No 2. 1 3. PLC installATION.Power meters with PLC modules will be introduced close to the highest point of the force surveys. Beforehand, it was sufficient to introduce power meters in high places, not in low places, for example, the house divider, to keep clients from utilizing power unlawfully by associating links, or by utilizing altered meters. In any case, thusly, the property holders themselves can't check how much power was utilized. Thusly, PLC technology was picked. Meters introduced in high places will send information of the pre-owned add up to every family unit through electrical cables. Property holders would then be able to check the sum utilized on the presentations introduced in each house.This implies that the est imation work and the showcase capacity of the meters will be isolated. [pic] Fig No3. 1 †¢Ã‚ Power robbery is forestalled by installing HD-PLC-mounted force meters on a high situation on power surveys, while the measure of intensity utilized in every family unit can at present be checked Each force meter is associated with an optical fiber system, and data of the sum utilized by every family unit is sent to the force organizations. In the event that the force organizations locate that an installment is reprobate, they can remotely stop the force flexibly by controlling the meters through the optical fiber network.In this way, HD-PLC and optical fiber systems empower power organizations to forestall power burglary, and to get a handle on the real measure of intensity devoured by area or by every family unit continuously, and furthermore to control the measure of intensity gracefully. The misuse of intensity can likewise be diminished, another huge preferred position. Moreo ver, wide spread utilization of the force meters with HD-PLC modules is relied upon to decrease territorial abberations in data, or the ‘digital divide’. 4 . Location OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY USAGE 4. 1 Methods Of Illegal Electricity Usage:In illicit utilization, a supporter wrongfully use power in following manners: 4. 1. 1 Using the mechanical articles: A supporter can utilize some mechanical items to forestall the unrest of a meter, with the goal that plate speed is decreased and the recorded vitality is likewise diminished. 4. 1. 2 Using a fixed magnet: A supporter can utilize a fixed magnet to change the electromagnetic field of the current curls. As is notable , the recorded vitality relative to electromagnetic field. 4. 1. 3. Utilizing the outside stage before meter terminals: This technique gives supporters free vitality with no record. . 1. 4. Exchanging the vitality links at the meter connector box: thusly ,the current doesn't go through the current curl of the meter, so the meter doesn't record the vitality utilization. Albeit the entirety of the techniques clarified above might be legitimate for electromechanical meters, just the last two strategies are substantial for computerized meters. 5. Portrayal ON PLC Most financially suitable innovation for moving Meter information to DCU. Utilizations the procedure of imparting the information over existing Electrical Lines which convey LT capacity to the site.PLC is a sort of correspondence innovation, which utilizes Medium Voltage(MV) and Low Voltage(LV) circulation organize as the correspondence media to execute transmission of information, voice and continuous picture. The segments associated with PLC are the; 1. Electrical cable Carrier Unit which gives signal transmission and gathering. 2. There is a Coupler utilized for â€Å"clamping† around a live wire in this way infusing the correspondence signals into the electrical cable. 3. PLC modem 5. 1 The checking framework essentia lly has the accompanying capacities: 1. Remote meter-understanding 2. Information procurement 3. String PLC transmissions are synchronized to the zero intersection purpose of the AC power line. It ought to be transmitted as near the zero intersection point I. e. inside 200 ? s. Square wave with a maximum Delay of 100 ? s from the zero intersection point The most extreme deferral between signal envelope input and 120KHz yield blasts is 50 ? s. Along these lines, it ought to be masterminded that yields to the inside 50 ? s. 5. 2 CODE TRANSMISSION: A Binary 1 is spoken to by a 1 ms eruption of 120 KHz the zero intersection point and a Binary 0 by the nonattendance of 120 KHz. Thusly just the 1 ms â€Å"envelope† need be applied to their inputs.These 1 millisecond blasts ought to really be transmitted multiple times to concur with the zero intersection purposes of each of the three stages in a three stage dissemination framework. 6. Distinctive COUPLING UNITS. [pic] 7. DEFINITION ON AMR AMR(AUTOMATIC REMOTE READING) robotizes the procedure of estimation through advanced correspondence methods. Bring â€Å"intelligence† into the income cycle and oversee it: The income cycle incorporates metering, charging working, client and the administrations. 7. 1 ADVANTAGES: 1. Savvy robotized process rather than manual work. 2. Precise data from the system burden to advance upkeep and ventures . Altered rates and charging dates. 4. Smoothed out high bill examinations. 5. Recognition of altering of Meters. 6. Precise estimation of transmission misfortunes. 7. Better system execution and cost effectiveness. 8. Request and dissemination the board. 9. More knowledge to business arranging 10. Better organization validity. 8. Location AND CONTROL SYSTEM The proposed control framework for the recognition of illicit power utilization is: [pic] FIG. 8. 1 PLC flagging is just legitimate over the low voltage - 220VAC electrical cables. The framework ought to be applied to e ach low-voltage dispersion network.The framework given in fig 7. 1 has a place just a single dispersion transformer arrange and ought to be rehashed for each circulation organize. In spite of the fact that the proposed framework can be utilized interestingly, it is smarter to utilize it with programmed meter understanding framework. On the off chance that the AMR framework will be utilized in any system, the host PLC unit and a PLC modem for each supporter ought to be contained in this framework. In fig7. 1 the host PLC unit and other PLC modems are named PLC1A,†¦. ,PLCNA and are utilized for AMR. These units give correspondence one another and send the recorded information in kilowatthour meters to the PLC unit.In request to distinguish illicit utilization of electrical vitality, a PLC modem and a vitality meter chip for each supporter are added to a current AMR framework. As given in fig1, PLC1B,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦,PLCNB and vitality meter chips have a place with the locator. The identifier PLC’s and vitality meters must be set at the association point between appropriation principle lines and subscriber’s line. 8. 1 ADVANTAGE OF THIS SYSTEM : Most monetarily suitable innovation for moving Meter information to DCU. Utilizations the method of imparting the information over existing Electrical Lines which convey LT capacity to the site.Since the association point is for the most part noticeable all around or at underground, it isn't appropriate for anybody to get to, with the end goal that its control is simple. It is prudent and is dependable arrangement when it is contrasted and the efficient misfortune brought about by unlawful use. 8. 2 CONDITIONS FOR THIS DETECTION AND CONTROL: PLC flagging must be in CENELAC measures. CENELAC has shaped the standard where the recurrence groups, flagging levels, and system are indicated. 3-9 khz are confined for use by power providers, and 95-148. 5khz are confined to shopper use. The sign level for the band 95-148. khz is restricted as follows. For general use ,the flagging level is constrained to 116db µV. 9. Recognition The recorded information in kilowatt hour meters for each supporter are sent to have PLC modem through PLC modems which are set in endorsers areas. Then again vitality meter chips are situated in association point and read the enrgy in kilowatthours and furthermore send the information to have PLC unit. This proposed indicator framework as two recorded vitality information in have PLC unit, one which originates from the AMR-PLC, and the other which originates from the PLC at the association points.These two recorded vitality information

Elie Wiesels Night: Reaction Paper :: essays research papers

Night Reaction Paper #1 p. 78 This is where Elie is in the emergency clinic part of the camp in light of the activity that he has recently had done to his foot. After Elie and his dad choose to remain, leave the medical clinic, and be emptied with the remainder of the camp, he clarifies how he discovered that the Russians freed the remainder of the individuals in the emergency clinic two days after the departure. This part completely amazed me since I couldn’t envision first, settling on that enormous a choice, and besides, discovering that the choice changed an amazing course always was an immense stunner. I couldn’t even envision finding that out and not being baffled with myself. #2 p. 87 This is the piece of the book where Rabbi Eliahou is searching for his child. He inquires as to whether he has seen him, and Elie out of nowhere recollects that he saw him, and that he was in truth attempting to lose his dad amidst everybody running since he had gotten an over the top weight. This scene truly influenced me since I believed that it was loathsome the way that a child would abandon his dad and totally discard the relationship that he has with him in light of the conditions that they were experiencing. Since I have such an esteemed relationship with my mom, I would never envision leaving her like that, however I surmise that everybody changes radically in the wake of being gotten through the torment that these individuals experienced. #3 p. 94 This is where the S.S. comes into the dairy cattle vehicles and requests that the Jews toss out the entirety of the dead. After they ransack the dead men of their garments, they see Elie’s father. A portion of the men attempt to toss him outside, despite the fact that he isn’t dead yet, yet just Elie realizes that. In the wake of contending with the men, Elie shows the men that his dad is breathing feebly is as yet alive. I couldn’t ever envision battling with somebody to spare my mom when she was as yet alive. In that circumstance, I figure I would have recently separated quite a while back. I don’t imagine that I could have kept going as long as Elie did in the camps.

Is an Online Masters in Psychology Right for You

Is an Online Masters in Psychology Right for You Student Resources Print Considerations for Online Masters Degree in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 29, 2019 CZQS2000 / STS/ Photodisc/ Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers If you have recently graduated with your undergraduate degree in psychology and are thinking about going to graduate school, then you have probably noticed the recent abundance of online masters programs in psychology that are now available. Could one of these online programs be right for you? There are a number of things to consider before you decide and there are several things that you should look for in particular when it comes to an online masters degree in psychology program. Lets take a closer look at the reasons why you might choose, or sometimes not choose, to enroll in one of these online programs. Things to Consider Regarding Online Masters Degrees The convenience of online education makes it a very attractive option for many students, especially those who work full-time. Today, you can find many online masters degrees in psychology from a wide range of academic institutions including fully-online schools and more traditional universities. If you are thinking of earning an online masters in psychology, there are a number of factors to consider before you make this important decision. What type of degree do you need?Will it help you achieve your career goals?Will the degree help you advance in your profession? Learn more about some of the most frequently asked questions about online masters degrees in psychology. How to Find Legitimate Online Masters Programs in Psychology There are a few important things to look for in a quality online masters program. First, dont be deceived by diploma mills. Writer Jamie Littlefield suggests that a diploma mill is a company that awards unaccredited degrees and provides either an inferior education or no education at all. Check out her article on what you need to know about diploma mills to learn more about some of the warning signs to watch for as well as what you can do if you have been tricked by a diploma mill. One way to ensure that a program is legitimate is to check for accreditation. By going through the accrediting process, a school must prove that its program meets specific requirements and standards of quality. Start by checking to see if a prospective program is accredited by one of the six regional accrediting organizations in the United States. A program can also be considered legitimate if it is recognized by the United States Department of Education (USDE) or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). What Can You Do With an Online Masters In Psychology? Before you invest the time, money, and effort into earning an online masters degree, ask yourself one question: How will this degree help me achieve my goals? For many people, earning an online masters degree in psychology might be a means to qualify for a better job, earn more money, or prepare for further graduate study. In other cases, students simply have a passion for the subject and a desire to learn. No matter what your motivation, start by outlining your goals and then analyze each prospective program to assess how it will help you achieve those stated goals. What you ultimately do with your online masters degree in psychology will depend upon a number of different factors. Geographic location, the type of degree you earn, and job demand in your field will all play a role. Graduates from online psychology masters programs often find work in fields such as government, mental health services, and business. The most important thing you can do before you enroll in any program is to check that the degree provides the training and any potential licensure or certification that you may need to work in your chosen field. Some programs provide the necessary coursework to earn the degree, yet do not offer any sort of path to certification or licensing that might be required to work in your state. Check carefully with each program to ensure that you will actually be able to put your degree to use once you graduate. Reasons Not to Pursue an Online Masters Degree in Psychology While distance education is a great option for some people, it is not the best choice for everyone. Before you enroll in any online program, it is important to make a realistic assessment of your goals, skills, and interests. Are you comfortable with technology? Programs may vary in terms of specific technical requirements, but you should be capable of using sending emails, emailing attachments, participating in online discussions, and searching for information online. In some cases, you might also be required to download podcasts, view online videos, contribute to a class wiki or blog, or utilize an instant messaging service. An online degree might not be the right choice if you: Struggling With Time Management: Online education requires a great deal of self-discipline. If you cannot manage your time and prioritize projects effectively, you will probably struggle in an online format.Think an Online Education Will Be Easier: In many ways, online classes can actually be more difficult than traditional courses. In addition to scheduling your time wisely, online classes also require students to be very active learners. Definitely not the right choice for students who think they can kick back and passively listen to lectures.Avoid Class Participation: Some students think that online courses are all about writing papers  and taking tests. While these are obviously important components of any class, online courses also include lectures, discussions, and other activities that require participation from students. Finally, make sure that you are earning an online degree for the right reasons. If you decide to enroll in a masters program just because you feel like you should be doing something or you want to avoid seeking full-time employment, you might find yourself disappointed with your degree later on. Instead, take some time to really think about your future and decide whether an online masters in psychology can make your vision a reality.

Is an Online Masters in Psychology Right for You

Is an Online Masters in Psychology Right for You Student Resources Print Considerations for Online Masters Degree in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 29, 2019 CZQS2000 / STS/ Photodisc/ Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers If you have recently graduated with your undergraduate degree in psychology and are thinking about going to graduate school, then you have probably noticed the recent abundance of online masters programs in psychology that are now available. Could one of these online programs be right for you? There are a number of things to consider before you decide and there are several things that you should look for in particular when it comes to an online masters degree in psychology program. Lets take a closer look at the reasons why you might choose, or sometimes not choose, to enroll in one of these online programs. Things to Consider Regarding Online Masters Degrees The convenience of online education makes it a very attractive option for many students, especially those who work full-time. Today, you can find many online masters degrees in psychology from a wide range of academic institutions including fully-online schools and more traditional universities. If you are thinking of earning an online masters in psychology, there are a number of factors to consider before you make this important decision. What type of degree do you need?Will it help you achieve your career goals?Will the degree help you advance in your profession? Learn more about some of the most frequently asked questions about online masters degrees in psychology. How to Find Legitimate Online Masters Programs in Psychology There are a few important things to look for in a quality online masters program. First, dont be deceived by diploma mills. Writer Jamie Littlefield suggests that a diploma mill is a company that awards unaccredited degrees and provides either an inferior education or no education at all. Check out her article on what you need to know about diploma mills to learn more about some of the warning signs to watch for as well as what you can do if you have been tricked by a diploma mill. One way to ensure that a program is legitimate is to check for accreditation. By going through the accrediting process, a school must prove that its program meets specific requirements and standards of quality. Start by checking to see if a prospective program is accredited by one of the six regional accrediting organizations in the United States. A program can also be considered legitimate if it is recognized by the United States Department of Education (USDE) or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). What Can You Do With an Online Masters In Psychology? Before you invest the time, money, and effort into earning an online masters degree, ask yourself one question: How will this degree help me achieve my goals? For many people, earning an online masters degree in psychology might be a means to qualify for a better job, earn more money, or prepare for further graduate study. In other cases, students simply have a passion for the subject and a desire to learn. No matter what your motivation, start by outlining your goals and then analyze each prospective program to assess how it will help you achieve those stated goals. What you ultimately do with your online masters degree in psychology will depend upon a number of different factors. Geographic location, the type of degree you earn, and job demand in your field will all play a role. Graduates from online psychology masters programs often find work in fields such as government, mental health services, and business. The most important thing you can do before you enroll in any program is to check that the degree provides the training and any potential licensure or certification that you may need to work in your chosen field. Some programs provide the necessary coursework to earn the degree, yet do not offer any sort of path to certification or licensing that might be required to work in your state. Check carefully with each program to ensure that you will actually be able to put your degree to use once you graduate. Reasons Not to Pursue an Online Masters Degree in Psychology While distance education is a great option for some people, it is not the best choice for everyone. Before you enroll in any online program, it is important to make a realistic assessment of your goals, skills, and interests. Are you comfortable with technology? Programs may vary in terms of specific technical requirements, but you should be capable of using sending emails, emailing attachments, participating in online discussions, and searching for information online. In some cases, you might also be required to download podcasts, view online videos, contribute to a class wiki or blog, or utilize an instant messaging service. An online degree might not be the right choice if you: Struggling With Time Management: Online education requires a great deal of self-discipline. If you cannot manage your time and prioritize projects effectively, you will probably struggle in an online format.Think an Online Education Will Be Easier: In many ways, online classes can actually be more difficult than traditional courses. In addition to scheduling your time wisely, online classes also require students to be very active learners. Definitely not the right choice for students who think they can kick back and passively listen to lectures.Avoid Class Participation: Some students think that online courses are all about writing papers  and taking tests. While these are obviously important components of any class, online courses also include lectures, discussions, and other activities that require participation from students. Finally, make sure that you are earning an online degree for the right reasons. If you decide to enroll in a masters program just because you feel like you should be doing something or you want to avoid seeking full-time employment, you might find yourself disappointed with your degree later on. Instead, take some time to really think about your future and decide whether an online masters in psychology can make your vision a reality.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1264 Words

In the book The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald the plot condemns a common theme throughout the story of, the â€Å"American Dream†. The American Dream to many , is this vision of becoming successful through trials tribulations in our free land, that anybody could achieve whatever it is they want if they work hard for it . The time decade in which the story is written in is referred to as â€Å"The Roaring 20’s†. The 20’s were notorious as it was a time of rapid economic growth,the introduction of the modern consumer culture, and a new vibrant and colorful cultural scene. With the addition of Prohibition, instituted by the Eighteenth Amendment, a business of bootlegging the banned alcohol made a booming amount millionaires and†¦show more content†¦One day, a storm was approaching the lake and he paddled out to warn Mr. Cody of the storm. Having earned Cody’s respect, he took in James on board his yacht as his right hand man a nd assistant. He ended up earning the name â€Å"Jay Gatsby† and they spent months traveling the world and Gatsby was right there side by side with Cody often times saving him from falling over board during his drunken excursions. As a result of this lifestyle with the wealthy Dan Cody, Gatsby fell in love with luxury and wealth. Mr. Cody served as a pivotal influence on Gatsby’s life, he taught him every wise thing he knew and left a very impacting legacy on the young entrepreneur. After being cheated out of acquiring Gatsby’s rightful sum of 25,000 dollars in Mr. Cody’s will, Gatsby devoted the remaining years of his life to becoming a wealthy man and ultimately following the â€Å"American Dream†. Gatsby while stationed it St. Louis falls in love with a lively blonde named Daisy Fay who is coincidentally cousins with his West Egg neighbor Nick Caraway the narrator of the story. Before the war, Daisy attracted the attention of many young soldiers and one of those prominent soldiers was Jay Gatsby. Daisy fell in love with Gatsby and she promised to wait for his return in aims for a healthy long-term romance. However, Daisy’s parents didn t approve of Young Gatsby considering his lack of wealth, for a year Daisy locks

Sadness In Hills Like White Elephants Novel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1129 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Hills Like White Elephants Essay Did you like this example? Love is something that is very important. Everybody at some point in their lives needs to find themselves a life partner. In my eyes, to have a happy marriage life, your partner should be very supportive towards your dreams. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sadness In Hills Like White Elephants Novel" essay for you Create order There are all different types of people, good ones, and bad ones. To live a happy life it is very important that one should have a loving and caring life partner. People with a happy love life tend to live longer as compared to the ones with unstable relationships. My first interpretation of the story left me with more questions than answers. Without the secondary source Making Modern Parents by Meg Gillette I would not have understood what really was going on in the story. Reading the secondary source took me beyond my thinking capacity and my limited understanding of the story. For example, the nature of the relationship the American man and the young girl shared, the operation they were talking about, and the decisions they were trying to make. The short story Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway contained a lot of sadness in it. After reading the text by myself my first thought on the two people was that the American man and young girl (Jig) were just two strangers talking while waiting on a train station for their trains to arrive. But reading my secondary source told me that they were not just two random people passing time, but they shared something in common. They have had a history together. As the story began at the train station, the station itself was a symbol of sadness. It symbolizes the sadness and the distance in the American manrs and Jigrs life. Just like the train tracks can never meet, those two people can never be together. Furthermore, when later in the text where the abortion talk comes up. My thoughts on abortion are that the word abortion itself produce unhappiness and unpleasantness. I was confused about what the two were having the conversation about. The American kept telling Jig that he loved her when he clearly did not mean it at all. I doubted if this story was about a married couple thinking about divorcing each other. Gillette states While the story leaves the outcome of the pregnancy to the readers judgment, it nonetheless sets the values of the various options the reader must negotiate (Gillette 57). These quotes from the secondary source cleared my doubt about the issue that it was not the divorce but it was actually Jigrs pregnancy which was the main concern of the story. The scholars believe that the story hills like white elephants devalue single parenthood. Gillette states, No abortions or single mothers welcome here (Gillette 58). This quote shows that the society back then used to demotivate the single mothers. Jig states, And you think then well be all right and be happy and youll love me? (Hemingway 55). The quote shows that Jig is so desperate for the manrs love she wants the American to love her at any cost that she is even willing to abort her child for him. It is clear enough to the audience that the American man does not care enough for Jig. In hills like white elephants the abortion and the fight go hand in hand when he mentions abortion, she argues back and when she suggest abortion, he argues back (Gillette 58). It is weird that Jig thinks after having an abortion will settle everything down because there is no way that everything can get back to how it was. Furthermore, Meg Gillette brings up an interesting thought when he states the quotes from the story where Jig said: I dont care about me, Well I care about you (Hemingway 55). After me interpreting these lines from the story My thoughts were that even though Jig seemed fine to forgive the American man, Jig was still a weak person inside. Because she still wanted the manrs love even after what he did to her, she agreed on aborting her child just so that she can stay with a man that does not even deserved her in first place, but Gillette states Hills like white elephants fantasizes the womens motherly potential (Gillette 58). In this quote, the author makes an argument about Jig being a strong mother instead of a weak woman. In his eyes, Jig was strong because first, she was able to make the decision of abortion which can be a very difficult decision for a mother to make. It takes a lot of guts to come to such conclusion. Another reason why Jig was strong according to the article was t hat in 1990rs the time this story took place, the society was very conservative and traditional. They were not very open-minded. Also, people back then did not have the same point of views as they do these days. The women did not have as many rights as they do now. People were not okay with abortions and were not okay with women keeping their children and taking care of it just by themselves. They had to have a father or the society would not accept them (mother and child). The man was considered the provider of the family and women did not work back then and they just could not have taken care of the children even if they wanted to. Another interesting thing that Gillette stated in the secondary source was Jigs easy drinking and sexual freedom identity her with the modern New Woman (Gillette 59). According to the secondary source Jig was considered a modern woman because of her drinking habit and sexual freedom, the scholars think that Jig had modern thinking. She was able to have sex even though she was aware that she was not allowed to. Also, that she was not even married to the American. She still had this fling with him, which not many women did back then. In conclusion, at first, I was very confused about most of the things that were going on in the story Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway. But the non- literally article Making Modern Parents by Meg Gillette helped me understand the story beyond my thinking capacity. It made me read and think more deeply. Now I understand the kind of relationship between the American man and the young girl had and why they were having the arguments and the decisions they were trying to make. It also helped me understand the text better and helped me realize what scholars believe and improved my overall writing. Work cited Hemingway Ernest, Hills like white elephant. Literature: A Portable Anthology, 3rd Edition. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2013. Gillette Meg, Making modern parents in Ernest Hemingwayrs Hills like white elephants and Vina Delmarrs Bad Girl

Being Legalized And The Constant Debate Over Abortion

It is evident that today’s world is headed in a perpetual downward spiral. With weed being legalized and the constant debates over abortion, our nation is getting sucked up in the legality of law making instead of taking a step back and realizing the moral aspects of what they are actually doing. They seem to have forgotten to ask themselves, â€Å"What will benefit our future the most?† For example, foster care in America has reversed its principles by merely going through the motions of what the laws state, rather than actually putting effort into the care and safety of children. I believe that the state should put more emphasis on sending kids to permanent homes of foster parents instead of reuniting them with their insufficient legal†¦show more content†¦Foster agencies take the children from these careless homes so that the child will be safe in a foster home. Growing up around a family who, for example, does drugs is not a good environment for a child to be around. The instant reaction to this from foster care agencies should immediately be to take the child from the situation so that it will not be harmed or disoriented by the users. Once they take the child from the home, they place it in a foster institution which consists of families who maybe cannot become pregnant or just want to help save lives. The amount of time a child is in foster care with that family ranges from a month to a year and a half. This time all depends on the effort the biological parent puts in to getting their kid back. For example, in the state of Texas, Pathways Foster Care Agency has a process that they go through for family reunification. When a child is taken away they basically start a timer on the biological parents for them to get their lives together. During this time a foster family has taken this child in, fed it, clothed it, and basically accepted it as their own. During the span of a year the biological parent is drug tested continuously. After the year is up, if the parent has not fulfilled what was expected of them, they go to court for a six month extension which in most

Advertisements to Compare Essay Sample free essay sample

Selling is the activity. set of establishments. and processes for making. communication. and presenting exchange offerings that have value for clients. clients. spouses. and society at big ( Belch and Belch. 2012 ) . Over the old ages. as engineering continues to develop at a rapid gait including faster cyberspace. digital picture taking. and synergistic plans. selling and advertisement has become much easier. There are so many new progresss in the twenty-first century. IMC is going more important in selling pattern because of the decreased cost effectivity of mass media and media atomization. As consumers spend more clip online and on nomadic devices all exposures of the trade name demand to bind together so they are more likely to be remembered. Increasingly the schemes of trade names can non be understood by looking entirely at their advertisement. Alternatively they can be understood by seeing how all facets of their communications ecosystem work together and in peculiar how comm unications are personalized for each client and react in existent clip. as in a conversation ( Wikipedia. 2012 ) . In this assignment I selected two advertizements that are really popular. The first 1 was Exhibit 5-3 in Chapter five on page 149 by the popular pocketbook aggregation Coach. Founded in 1941. Coach is one of the most accepted mulct accoutrements brands in the United States and in targeted international markets. Coach offers premium life style accoutrements to a loyal and turning client base and supply consumers with fresh. relevant and advanced merchandises that are highly good made at an attractive monetary value ( Seeking Alpha. 2012 ) . The advertizement from the text uses merely a image to present the message to the targeted audience. The usage of the trade name name and image is an effectual manner to pass on Coach’s intended message of the facile simpleness every bit good as authoritative design and American manner of its pocketbooks ( Belch and Belch. 2012 ) . In the advertizement there is a beautiful immature theoretical account who portrays a really sophisticated expression. the model’s make up every bit good as her accoutrements match the little manager pocketbook every bit good as the baseball mitts. She is besides pictured puting on a signature baggage Coach bag which gives the audience an thought of what size the baggage really is. This advertizement is targeted to immature adult females who are into going and classy. sophisticated manner. This was determined by the baggage bag every bit good as the accoutrements in the advertizement. A immature corporate concern adult female would be more interested in this advertizement. Coach consumers have a specific emotional connexion with the trade name. Part of the company’s mundane mission is to cultivate consumer relationships by beef uping this emotional connexion ( Seeking Alpha. 2012 ) . Using personal channels of communicating by direct interpersonal ( face to face ) contact with mark persons or groups is decidedly a manner that Coach could guarantee that their mission of keeping every bit good as beef uping their emotional connexion with the consumers is being met ( Belch and Belch. 2012 ) . Besides since the company is already successful and good known. using a non personal communicating would non do any recoil on the company. Coach could utilize the mass media construct which is interpersonal contact between transmitter and receiver such as a telecasting commercial. print ads. magazines. etc. ( Belch and Belch. 2012 ) . Another channel that this company could utilize would be buzz selling which is besides known as word of oral cavity. The recoil to this channel is that non all consumers will be 100 % satisfied with your merchandise. A company using this channel entirely could hold more negative reappraisals opposed to positive reappraisals being communicated through bombilation selling. The 2nd advertizement that I selected was Exhibit 5-6 in Chapter five on page 152 by AARP. AARP is a non-profit-making. nonpartizan organisation. with a rank of more than 37 million. that helps people 50 old ages old and older. hold independency. pick and control in ways that are good to them and society as a whole ( AARP. 2012 ) . This advertizement shows how AARP promotes the assorted ways sellers can make the 50 old ages old and older market section through its assorted media and promotional vehicles ( Belch and Belch. 2012 ) . On the advertizement there is a beautiful. vivacious older female. This helps the targeted audience to see how happy you can still be over the age of 50. It shoes that age is nil but a figure. You can still populate after 50. The advertizement gives a brief glance at the different benefits that are being offered with a rank with AARP. This advertizement is clearly targeted to an age group of work forces and adult females 50 old ages old and older. but could besides be targeted to household and friends of a household member in this age group. Since this is an older age group. I believe that using a more personal channel of communicating is best. Persons in this age group have more inquiries and more understanding earlier perpetrating to anything. By holding a sales representative service as a personal channel could assist the person to understand the merchandise and service much better. The recoil of holding a personal channel of communicating such as this is if the client does non hold a positive interaction with the gross revenues individual. Customer service would be really of import in this type of channel. You would necessitate a gross revenues individual who is really patient. and have a really good apprehension of the merchandise and service and besides be able to explicate this to the client. If the client does non hold a good experience. they are likely to allow others cognize and this would impact the bombilation selling of this merchandise. Both of the advertizements selected could profit from both personal and nonpersonal channels of communicating. In order for the companies to be successful they must do certain that the advertizements are targeted to the right group and besides do certain that the client service is on point. Mentions: AARP. 2012. AARP History. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Association for the Advancement of Retired Persons. org/about-aarp/ Belch. George E. and Belch. Michael A. 2012. Ad and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. 9th edition. Seeking Alpha. 2012. Coach. Inc. ( COH ) Stock Description- Seeking Alpha. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //seekingalpha. com/symbol/coh/description Wikipedia. 2012. Integrated Selling Communications. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Integrated_marketing_communications.

ADP 6-0 Mission Command Essays

ADP 6-0 Mission Command Essays ADP 6-0 Mission Command Paper ADP 6-0 Mission Command Paper What is Unified land operations the Army’s operational concept. accomplished through decisive action What is Mission Command the exercise of authority and direction by thecommander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within thecommander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct ofunified land operations. What is commander’s intent is a clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state that supports mission command What is Disciplined initiative is action in the absence of orders, when existing orders no longer fit the situation, or when unforeseen opportunities or threats arise What defines the limits within which subordinates may exercise initiative commander’s intent Commanders and subordinates are obligated to follow what lawful Orders Commanders and subordinates are obligated to follow what lawful Orders What are Mission orders directives that emphasize to subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are to achieve them What is Prudent risk a deliberate exposure to potential injury or loss when the commander judges the outcome in terms of mission accomplishment as worth the cost What is art of command the creative and skillful exercise of authority through timely decisionmaking and leadership. What is Authority the delegated power to judge, act, or command What is Control the regulation of forces and warfighting functions to accomplish themission in accordance with the commander’s intent What is science of control systems and procedures used to improve the commander’s understanding and support accomplishing missions. What is mission command warfighting function the related tasks and systems thatdevelop and integrate those activities enabling a commander to balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the other warfighting functions What is mission command system the arrangement of personnel, networks, information systems, processes and procedures, and facilities and equipment that enable commanders to conduct operations What is an information system consists of equipment that collects, processes, stores, displays, anddisseminates information. includes computers- hardware and software- and communications, as well as policies and procedures for their use

NYSE essays

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Summery and your opinion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summery and your opinion - Essay Example Economists have proposed changes in the business sector. The proposed changes are mainly targeting large businesses with the aim of transforming them into entrepreneurship. Transformation of an organization from a knowledge-based organization to an information-based organization is not achievable with only data processing. The attempt by the British to establish an information based organization in the modern India proves the idea (Drucker 45). The impacts of computer technology in business are the first evidence of the inevitable transformation of knowledge-based organizations to information-based organization. Coca-Cola Company is an example of a company that is still in the transformation process. Recently the company has automated its production plants using information system. The best way to measure the benefits of computers in business is through an analysis of technology as a capital. This implies that we need to determine expected rate of return, payout period and the investment’s expected productive life, discount present value of returns, cost of deferment risk, cost of risks resulting from failure and the opportunity cost (Drucker 46). The rate of data processing has been linked with the transformation of knowledge-based organization to information-based organization. The British experience in India however proves that advanced data processing is not adequate to create an information-based organization (Drucker 48). An organization’s capacity to process data determines its structure and this is the second effect of the transformation. Data gives information the required relevance however the process of transforming data into information depends on knowledge. The most appropriate definition of knowledge is based on specialization and therefore it is not easy to separate information from knowledge. Similar to the knowledge-based organization, an information-based organization requires specialists. In addition, there are more specialists

MARKETING OF BODY IMPLANTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MARKETING OF BODY IMPLANTS - Essay Example At other times, the process starts with the producer introducing a product or a service to the consumer for which the need for the consumer to have the product or service is conveyed by the producer or a marketer. In either case, it is important the product or service being brought unto the market will meet the needs and expectations of the consumer or buyer (Porter, 1996). Where there are several competitors trading the same product or service, the need for there to be marketing strategies become very relevant and important because these strategies help in the creation of competitive advantage, which eventually becomes a tool for setting more sales (Baines, Fill and Page, 2011). In the present situation where the entrepreneur wants to introduce magnetic implants to a segmented group of people using a series of marketing options, it is important that all options presented be critically analysed in terms of how feasible and competitive they are in relation to the existing market and t he market segmentation in question. The approach of the essay shall therefore be to analyse the options one after the other according to key marketing themes. Definition of Product Product is one of the 4 marketing mix or 4ps in marketing. This means that an understanding of the product that a person aims to introduce to the market is always important in determining the rate of success that will be experienced on the market. The reason an understanding of the product is important is that in marketing, it is actually the product that the marketer goes to introduce to the buyer and so it is important that the marketer has a comprehensive understanding and definition of the product he introduces. For the entrepreneur to be success with the magnetic implants he aims to introduce to the market, there are very key questions that must be asked and important conditions that must be fulfilled. One of the key questions concerns the needs that the product is going to serve to the consumer or buyer (Bode et al, 2011). Commonly, the buyer would want to be convinced that the product can serve a specific need or want before making purchase. With growing concerns of a sixth se nse, the magnetic implant may come in just at the right time to provide this conceptual sixth sense (Levitt, 2000). The magnetic implant may therefore serve the need of developing a sixth sense around an object that gives off electromagnetic waves (Neporent, 2013). Marketing Environment The current case, not much seems to have been considered in terms of the marketing environment in which the product that is to be introduced is going to be introduced. However, an understanding of the marketing environment is very important in the determination of strategies and approaches that can best serve the interest of the product sales (Hillman, Withers and Collins, 2006). Generally, the marketing environment may be identified as a set of factors and forces that generally affect the entrepreneur’s ability to create and maintain successful trade and business relationship with customers (Levitt, 2000). There may generally be three levels of marketing environment but the one that could rea dily affect the entrepreneur in the present situation is the micro market environment, which deals with forces and factors that are very close to the organisation and affects ability to serve customers well. The reason

Features of the Flatiron Building

Features of the Flatiron Building Synopsis: This is a 5 page term paper written in MLA format explaining why any designer in the modern era should be interested in the Flatiron Building, constructed in 1902 in New York. The paper gives a description of the most captivating architectural features of Flatiron building that make it unique and admirable. The paper relies on 2 sources. The Flatiron Building Eric Nash clearly describes the Flatiron building located in New York City. Its construction was completed in 1902 and it is one of the most popular and best known skyscrapers in the world that derives its name from its iron like shape. It is an energetic combination of renaissance and gothic architectural styles. It is made up of spacious, well designed twenty-two stories which are divided into three parts, namely, the beginning, the middle and the end, just like a classical Greek column. The Flatirons striking shape and its exceptional height stretch its classical garb uneasily.1 Picture showing the beginning, the middle and the top of the Flatiron 1 Eric Nash, Manhattan Skyscrapers. (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999) 121. Eric Nash clearly shows that the building was constructed using structural steel frame with extensive wind bracing purposely made to resist sideways pressure from the wind. This reflects recent acceptance of the all-steel skeleton for skyscrapers in New York. The skeleton steel framing of Flatiron building is light and less susceptible to fire damages as compared to iron, hence making the building stronger and more durable. Use of steel skeleton in construction of Flatiron made it possible for the building to be elevated higher up to twenty two storeys as opposed to load bearing walls that previously restricted the height supportable by their loads. The building was constructed on a rectangular wedge piece of land giving it its classic captivating appearance from the ground to the sky. He further argues that unlike New Yorks early skyscrapers taking the form of towers that were constructed rising from a lower blockier weight like the contemporary Singer Building, the Flatiron buildin g has limestone and glazed terra cotta faÇade which is divided into a triangular base, shaft and capital.2. Eric Nash observed that Flatirons ornate but restrained facade was made using terra-cotta panels and stone creating forms that simulate any effects of rustication, making it long lasting. Rusticated limestone is uniformly detailed from the ground of the Flatiron building to the sky to ensure that there are slim chances of Flatirons destruction by environmental conditions. The Flatirons masonry insulation, its outer skin of stone and glazed terra-cotta protects it from any harsh weather conditions which could otherwise destroy the building. Besides this, the Flatirons rustication and heavily prornamented patterns of these walls, as well as the conservatively sized windows, give the faÇades a heavy appearance, this is attractive to the eyes 3 2 Nash 123 3 Nash 125 Picture showing Flatirons outer skin Andrew Dolkart observed that the multistory oriels in the midsection, which are prominent in many of Burnhams Chicago buildings, are just barely perceptible on the busy, more enclosed skin of the Flatiron. This greater visual weigh of the repartition of the overall design into a distinct base, a repetitive midsection, and a crowning cornice extended to 22 stories, makes the whole Flatiron appear column-like, distinguishing the building from the rest. He further observed that the long, thin triangular footprint of the Flatiron extrudes up through all its twenty two stories. With all three faà §ades facing the streets, this tall, thin building was designed to always have very well-lit office spaces. At the vertex of the Flatiron building, the triangular tower, which is only 6.5 feet (2 meters) wide and a height of eighty seven Meters is seen to describe an acute angle that is roughly estimated to be 25 degrees when viewed from birds eye view. The acute angled corners bring out a drama tic, exaggerated perspective which is unique and highly admirable. 44Andrew Dolkart. Architecture Development of New York City and the Birth of Skyscraper. (Columbia: Columbia University 2009). 11 Eric Nash further observed that the most acute angle of the Flatiron points north, making the building to appear like it has a little depth like a wall leaned precariously against the sky, distinguishing it from any other building in the neighborhood. The interior of the Flatiron has strangely shaped spacious offices with their walls cutting through an angle on their way to skyscrapers famous point. This gives the building quite a beautiful and attractive look. The gravity-defying illusion of the building is further enhanced by the enormous cornice projecting aggressively from the top of the building, giving the whole affair a top-heavy appearance. The elements of Flatirons design fit in comfortably with the general development of the firm in which the building was constructed.5 According to Andrew, The unconventional triangular lot coupled with exceptional height transformed architectural conventions of Flatiron into a beautiful unique structure. The building materials used for Flatiron were cost effective, efficient and made it possible for it to be quickly erected. Flatiron was indeed a perfect architectural solution to Americas growing downtowns in the 20th century. It consists of 13,400 square meters of office space and definitely one of the Stockholms new landmarks. The striking visual presence of this uncommon vertical mass is what makes the building instantly famous both with tourists and those in the arts grappling with the nature of New Yorks modernity.6 5 Nash 136. 6 Dolkart 13. Conclusion This paper started by describing the shape and location of the Flatiron building constructed in 1902 in New York. It further discussed in detail the design and architectural features of the building that make it very unique despite the fact that it was constructed over 100 years ago. Its characteristic structural division into three parts, the beginning, the middle and the end gives it a unique appealing appearance. Its unique triangular shape design and the wedge shaped piece of land where the building was erected give it an excellent view hence it is easily distinguished from all other buildings in the neighborhood. The buildings small width of only two meters and exceptional height of eighty seven meters housing twenty two storey distinguishes it from ancient heavy wide buildings. While putting more emphasis on the uniqueness and durability of the materials in construction of Flatiron building used such as the revolutionary steel frame which is less susceptible to fire unlike iron , the limestone covering originating from the ground to the sky to protect the building from harsh weather conditions, and the white terra cotta skin in the Italian Renaissance style which gives the building a highly admirable dramatic perspective. From the findings of this paper, it is evidently clear that the Flatiron building is quite a unique building in both the structure and the design and therefore any architect or designer would be interested in its structure and design. Works Cited Nash, Eric. Manhattan Skyscrapers. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999. Dolkart, Andrew. Architecture Development of New York City and the Birth of Skyscraper. Columbia: Columbia University 2009. Sites https://hermis.alberta.ca/ARHP/Details.aspx?DeptID=1ObjectID=4665-0499 http://www.nyc-architecture.com/GRP/GRP024.htm

Latin is Not Dead Yet! :: College Admissions Essays

My hands were brittle and numb from the biting cold. I'd been raking leaves for just under three hours in the dwindling group of Latin Club members who braved the weather for charity donations. As a freshman, I felt somewhat alone in my new club, especially since my friends had backed out on my invitation to join me that Saturday. Nevertheless, I vowed to stick with it, and someday spark more interest in the activities...even in the cold. However, with my yet-unestablished high school reputation and lone voice out of 150 members, I continued to contribute merely my attendance at the meetings and activities. Sophomore year, I found myself embracing Latin Club as a way to have fun with my friends and contribute community service. But despite my enthusiasm, the club did carry a somewhat nerdy and uninteresting image probably stemming form the name. "Latin Club? Come on. Whatta you guys do in there...speak Latin...or play dead!?" a classmate remarked. I chuckled, then informed him that the Romans were known for drunken revelry, large feasts, and ceremonial orgies. After translating that into "music, food, and dancing," I reminded him that there was a Latin Club party coming up next weekend. Needless to say, I had little trouble improving the club's popularity. Junior year arrived, and I decided it was time to make my move on the Latin Club. The name consul, the equivalent of president, jumped out from the nomination form like a lone image in a 3-D comic book. However, the presidency required a partnership-an ancient Roman safeguard carried on symbolically in our club. No problem! My friend Sankeerth and I couldn't have shared more interest. Thus, the campaign for "Court & Sankeerth" was born, but by no means an heir to the throne. Our opponents were none other than two of the biggest academic powerhouses in the senior class: Annie, who aced the SAT; and Christy, president of two other major clubs. Together they proved our valiant efforts basically futile in their shadow. "Next year," spoke the voice of optimism. Senior year brought to our campaign the confidence of a veteran TV sitcom versus a "pilot." Could anyone else possibly have wanted to be Latin Club president as much as we did? We could take no chances. The only way to win was to buy big markers.

Floods in India Essay

India, being a peninsular country and surrounded by the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, is quite prone to flood. As per the Geological Survey of India (GSI), the major flood prone areas of India cover almost 12.5% area of the country. Every year, flood, the most common disaster in India causes immense loss to the country’s property and lives. India Flood Prone Areas The states falling within the periphery of â€Å"India Flood Prone Areas† are West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Assam, Bihar, Gujrat, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. The intense monsoon rains from southwest causes rivers like Brahmaputra, Ganga, Yamuna etc. to swell their banks, which in turn floods the adjacent areas. Over the past few decades, central India has become familiar with precipitation events like torrential rains and flash floods. The major flood prone areas in India are the river banks and deltas of Ravi, Yamuna-Sahibi, Gandak, Sutlej, Ganga, Ghaggar, Kosi, Teesta, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Mahananda, Damodar, Godavari, Mayurakshi, Sabarmati and their tributaries. Though the north-Indian plains prone to flood more, the â€Å"India flood prone areas† can be broadly categorized in three divisions: Besides the Ganga, rivers like Sarada, Rapti, Gandak and Ghagra causes flood in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. The Yamuna is famous for flooding Haryana and Delhi. Bihar experiences massive dangerous flood every year. River Burhi, Bagmati, Gandak, Kamla along with many small rivers contribute to that. In West Bengal, rivers like Mahananda, Bhagirathi, Damodar, Ajay etc. causes floods because of tidal effects and insufficient river channels. * Brahmaputra and Barak Basins: The river banks of Brahmaputra and Barak gets flooded due to the Surplus water found in the Brahmaputra basin and the Barak basin. These rivers along with their tributaries flood the northeastern states like West Bengal, Assam and Sikkim. Jaldakha, Teesta and Torsa in northern West Bengal and rivers in Manipur often overflow their banks. * Central India and Deccan Rivers Basin: In Orissa, spilling over of river banks by Mahanadi, Baitarni and Brahmani causes havoc. The deltaic area formed by these three rivers is thickly populated. Even some small rivers of Kerala and mud stream from the nearby hills add on to the destruction. Southern and central India observes floods caused by Narmada, Godavari, Tapi, Krishna and Mahanadi due to heavy rainfall. Cyclonic storms in the deltaic regions of Godavari, Mahanadi and Krishna even floods the coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Tamil Nadu occasionally.

Oath of Allegiance to the United States

The Oath of Allegiance to the United States, legally called the â€Å"Oath of Allegiance,† is required under federal law to be sworn to by all immigrants who wish to become naturalized citizens of the United States. The complete Oath of Allegiance states: I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure (or renounce) all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty, of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen; that I will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I will bear arms on behalf of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform noncombatant service in the Armed Forces of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform work of national importance under civilian direction when required by the law; and that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; so help me God. The basic principles of U.S. citizenship embodied in the Oath of Allegiance include: Supporting the Constitution;Renouncing all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of whom or which the applicant was previously a subject or citizen;Supporting and defending the Constitution and laws of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic;Bearing true faith and allegiance to the Constitution and laws of the United States; and Bearing arms on behalf of the United States when required by the law; orPerforming noncombatant service in the Armed Forces of the United States when required by the law; orPerforming work of national importance under civilian direction when required by the law. Under the law, the Oath of Allegiance may be administered only by officials of the U.S. Customs and Immigration Services (USCIS); immigration judges; and eligible courts. History of the Oath The first use of an oath of allegiance was recorded during the Revolutionary War when new officers in the Continental Army were required by Congress to disavow any allegiance or obedience to England’s King George the Third. The Naturalization Act of 1790, required immigrants applying for citizenship simply to agree â€Å"to support the Constitution of the United States.† The Naturalization Act of 1795 added the requirement that immigrants renounce the leader or â€Å"sovereign† of their native country. The Naturalization Act of 1906 along with creating the federal government’s first official Immigration Service, added wording to the oath requiring new citizens to swear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution and to defend it against all enemies, foreign and domestic. In 1929, the Immigration Service standardized the language of the Oath. Prior to then, each immigration court was free to develop its own wording and method of administering the Oath. The section in which applicants swear to bear arms and perform non-combat service in the U.S. armed forces was added to the Oath by the Internal Security Act of 1950, and the section about performing work of national importance under civilian direction was added by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. How the Oath Could be Changed The current exact wording of the Oath of Citizenship is established by a presidential executive order. However, the Customs and Immigration Service could, under the Administrative Procedure Act, change the text of the Oath at any time, provided that the new wording reasonably meets the following â€Å"five principals† required by Congress: Allegiance to the United States ConstitutionRenunciation of allegiance to any foreign country to which the immigrant has had previous allegiancesDefense of the Constitution against enemies foreign and domesticPromise to serve in the United States Armed Forces when required by law (either combat or non-combat)Promise to perform civilian duties of national importance when required by law Exemptions to the Oath Federal law allows prospective new citizens to claim two exemptions when taking the Oath of Citizenship: Consistent with the First Amendment’s assurance of religious freedom, the phrase â€Å"so help me God† is optional and the phrase â€Å"and solemnly affirm† can be substituted for the phrase â€Å"on oath.†Should the prospective citizen be unwilling or unable to vow to bear arms or perform non-combat military service because of their â€Å"religious training and belief,† they may omit those clauses. The law specifies that the exemption from vowing to bear arms or perform non-combat military service must be based solely on the applicant’s belief in relation to a â€Å"Supreme Being,† rather than on any political, sociological, or philosophical views or a personal moral code. In claiming this exemption, applicants may be required to provide supporting documentation from their religious organization. While the applicant is not required to belong to a specific religious group, he or she must establish â€Å"a sincere and meaningful belief that has a place in the applicant’s life that is equivalent to that of a religious belief.†